國(guó)內(nèi)硬度計(jì)行業(yè)的發(fā)展

  過(guò)去很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，中國(guó)沒(méi)有硬度測(cè)試的概念，材料的硬度只能由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的高手現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察火花或聽(tīng)金屬撞擊聲等最原始的方法來(lái)估算。  .

  直到 1960 年代和 1970 年代，中國(guó)才有少數(shù)國(guó)有硬度計(jì)制造商，但這些硬度計(jì)制造商只能制造一些基本的低端硬度計(jì)。

  改革開(kāi)放后，特別是隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，我國(guó)涌現(xiàn)出一批民營(yíng)硬度計(jì)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，并迅速占領(lǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，硬度計(jì)的產(chǎn)量和品種發(fā)展迅速 .

  在本文中，筆者將對(duì)我國(guó)硬度計(jì)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及未來(lái)發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行評(píng)論和展望，以供同行參考。

  我國(guó)硬度計(jì)行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀分析

  一、優(yōu)勢(shì)

  （一）企業(yè)數(shù)量多，發(fā)展空間大

  目前，中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上有大量各種規(guī)模的硬度計(jì)制造企業(yè)，但硬度計(jì)制造行業(yè)在我國(guó)制造業(yè)中只屬于很小的一個(gè)分支。 總產(chǎn)值僅3億元左右，未來(lái)發(fā)展空間很大。

  (b) 國(guó)內(nèi)硬度計(jì)市場(chǎng)的直接和潛在需求強(qiáng)勁

  當(dāng)前，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展正處于由速度型增長(zhǎng)向質(zhì)量型增長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變的時(shí)期，需要更全面、更準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支撐。 此外，出于成本和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的考慮，不少企業(yè)紛紛選擇國(guó)產(chǎn)硬度計(jì)，這為國(guó)產(chǎn)硬度計(jì)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了良好機(jī)遇。

  （三）目前，我國(guó)硬度計(jì)的測(cè)量、控制、計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用等技術(shù)取得重大突破，部分硬度計(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到國(guó)際同類(lèi)硬度計(jì)水平。

  (d) 隨著數(shù)字信號(hào)處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展，動(dòng)態(tài)硬度計(jì)的技術(shù)水平有了很大的提高。

  2.缺點(diǎn)

  （一）生產(chǎn)格局分散，行業(yè)集中度極低

  據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，2015年國(guó)內(nèi)硬度計(jì)行業(yè)年銷(xiāo)售額超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)的企業(yè)只有5家左右，年銷(xiāo)售額在500萬(wàn)左右的企業(yè)只有10家左右。

  (b) 舊觀念根深蒂固

  一些硬度計(jì)生產(chǎn)廠家技術(shù)人員少，日常事務(wù)繁忙，缺乏對(duì)技術(shù)業(yè)務(wù)的總結(jié)或改進(jìn)。 此外，一些硬度計(jì)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在研發(fā)上投入的資金較少，研發(fā)手段相對(duì)落后。 制造的硬度計(jì)質(zhì)量、重復(fù)性和穩(wěn)定性較差，測(cè)試軟件功能低。

  （三）產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾十分突出

  常規(guī)硬度計(jì)局部過(guò)剩，但高端硬度計(jì)嚴(yán)重短缺。

  (d) 外觀顏色設(shè)計(jì)保持不變

  特別是在展會(huì)上，您可以分別看到國(guó)產(chǎn)和進(jìn)口硬度計(jì)的外觀和顏色。

  (e) 同質(zhì)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈

  面對(duì)微利的合同，一般小企業(yè)只能盡力簡(jiǎn)化流程，用偽劣產(chǎn)品降低生產(chǎn)成本，根本無(wú)法保證硬度計(jì)的質(zhì)量。 對(duì)于優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)期投入吃緊，企業(yè)沒(méi)有足夠的資金投入研發(fā)，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法突破，根本無(wú)法與國(guó)外品牌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 最終，廣大用戶成為了這種無(wú)序競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的犧牲品。

  (f) 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)缺乏合作開(kāi)發(fā)

  (g) 智能化和信息化程度差

  (h) 國(guó)外知名品牌基本壟斷國(guó)內(nèi)中高端硬度計(jì)市場(chǎng)

  相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2015年我國(guó)硬度計(jì)進(jìn)口配額約為1.5億元，約占國(guó)內(nèi)硬度計(jì)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的一半。

  另外，一些國(guó)產(chǎn)硬度計(jì)的需求定位也極其不合理，需要配置的硬度計(jì)都不管自己的需要都選擇進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，造成很多硬度計(jì)功能和投資的浪費(fèi)，而且 阻礙國(guó)產(chǎn)高端硬度計(jì)。 的發(fā)展。

  硬度計(jì)行業(yè)急需解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

1.通用或萬(wàn)能硬度計(jì)的核心零件——全量程高精度、高分辨率力傳感器；

2.高、低溫硬度計(jì)的配套附件——高、低溫模擬試驗(yàn)箱及測(cè)量裝置；

3.自動(dòng)化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化技術(shù)在硬度計(jì)上的應(yīng)用，如硬度計(jì)壓頭自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)和智能機(jī)械手與硬度計(jì)的聯(lián)動(dòng)等；

4.高檔硬度計(jì)的研發(fā)制造，如：大空間硬度計(jì)、全量程的通用或萬(wàn)能硬度計(jì)、全自動(dòng)硬度計(jì)、高低溫硬度計(jì)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)在線硬度計(jì)等；

5.提高便攜式硬度機(jī)測(cè)試結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性等等。

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Development of domestic hardness tester industry  

For a long time in the past, there was no concept of hardness testing in China, and the hardness of materials could only be estimated by the most primitive methods, such as experienced experts observing sparks on the spot or listening to the sound of metal banging.  .  

Until the 1960s and 1970s, there were few state-owned durometer manufacturers in China, but these durometer manufacturers could only make some basic low-end durometers.  

After the reform and opening up, especially with the rapid development of modern industrial technology, a number of private hardness tester manufacturers emerged in China, and quickly occupied the domestic market, hardness tester output and varieties develop rapidly.  

In this paper, the author will comment and look forward to the present situation and future development direction of the hardness tester manufacturing industry in China for reference.  

Analysis of the development status of Hardness tester industry in China  

A, advantage  

(1) Large number of enterprises, large space for development  

At present, there are a large number of hardness tester manufacturing enterprises of various sizes in the Chinese market, but the hardness tester manufacturing industry only belongs to a very small branch in China's manufacturing industry.  The total output value is only about 300 million yuan, so there is a great space for future development.  

(b) Strong direct and potential demand in the domestic durometer market  

At present, China's national economic development is in a period of transformation from speed growth to quality growth, which requires more comprehensive and more accurate detection data to support.  In addition, for the consideration of cost and economic benefit, many enterprises have chosen domestic hardness tester, which has brought good opportunities for the development of domestic hardness tester manufacturing industry.  

(iii) At present, China's hardness tester measurement, control, computer application and other technologies have made major breakthroughs, some of the hardness tester technical indicators reach the international level of similar hardness tester.  

(d) With the development of digital signal processing technology, the technical level of dynamic hardness tester has been greatly improved.  

2. The shortcomings  

(1) The production pattern is scattered and the industry concentration is very low  

According to incomplete statistics, in 2015, there were only about 5 enterprises in the domestic hardness tester industry with annual sales of more than 10 million yuan, and only 10 enterprises with annual sales of about 5 million yuan.  

(b) Old ideas are deeply rooted  

Some hardness tester manufacturers have few technical personnel, busy daily affairs, lack of technical business summary or improvement.  In addition, some hardness tester manufacturers invest less money in RESEARCH and development, research and development means are relatively backward.  The hardness tester manufactured has poor quality, repeatability and stability, and low testing software function.  

3. The contradiction of product structure is very prominent  

Conventional hardness tester local surplus, but high-end hardness tester serious shortage.  

(d) The exterior color design remains unchanged  

Especially in the exhibition, you can see the appearance and color of domestic and imported hardness tester respectively.  

(e) Homogenization competition is fierce  

In the face of small profit contracts, small enterprises can only try their best to simplify the process, with fake products to reduce production costs, can not guarantee the quality of hardness tester.  For excellent enterprises, long-term investment is tight, enterprises do not have enough capital to invest in RESEARCH and development, product quality and technology can never breakthrough, can not compete with foreign brands.  In the end, the vast majority of users become the victims of this disorderly competition.  

(f) Lack of collaborative development of key technologies  

(g) Poor intelligence and information  

(h) Foreign well-known brands basically monopolize the domestic high-end hardness tester market  

Relevant data show that in 2015, China's hardness tester import quota was about 150 million yuan, accounting for about half of the total output value of domestic hardness tester manufacturers.  

In addition, some domestic hardness tester demand positioning is also extremely unreasonable, need to configure hardness tester regardless of their own needs to choose imported products, resulting in a lot of hardness tester function and investment waste, and hinder domestic high-end hardness tester.  The development of.  

Hardness tester industry urgently need to solve the key technology  

1. Universal or universal hardness tester core parts -- full range high precision, high resolution force sensor;  

2. Supporting accessories of high and low temperature hardness tester -- high and low temperature simulation test box and measuring device;  

3. The application of automation, intelligence and network technology in hardness tester, such as the automatic conversion technology of hardness tester pressure head and the linkage between intelligent manipulator and hardness tester, etc.;  

4. R&d and manufacturing of high-grade hardness tester, such as: large space hardness tester, full range universal or universal hardness tester, automatic hardness tester, high and low temperature hardness tester, on-site online hardness tester, etc.;  

5. Improve the accuracy of portable hardness machine test results and so on.