硬度計(jì)的種類很多。 金屬洛氏、布氏和維氏硬度計(jì)是工礦企業(yè)和科研單位最常用的。 其中金屬洛氏硬度計(jì)和金屬布氏硬度計(jì)是相對于金屬維氏硬度的。 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。 修復(fù)常見故障并不是很困難。 下面介紹一下金屬維氏硬度計(jì)的常見故障調(diào)整。

  根據(jù)多年來的工作實(shí)踐，在開始校驗(yàn)和維修工作之前，應(yīng)先調(diào)整工作臺的水平，然后觀察主軸、杠桿、起重絲杠、緩沖機(jī)構(gòu)和測量裝置是否正常靈活。 確保對設(shè)備性能有基本的了解。 然后一一解決。

(1)加載指示燈和測量顯微鏡燈不亮

     先檢查電源是否接好，再檢查開關(guān)、燈泡等。如果排除這些因素后不亮，就要看負(fù)載是否滿負(fù)荷或干簧管是否正常。 排除后還是不正常，需要先從線路（電路）入手，逐步檢查。

(2) 測量顯微鏡下渾濁，壓痕看不到或看不清楚

     這應(yīng)該從調(diào)整顯微鏡的焦距和光線開始。 如果調(diào)整后仍不清楚，分別轉(zhuǎn)動物鏡和目鏡，分別移動鏡中虛線、實(shí)線和刻線的三個平面鏡，仔細(xì)觀察哪個鏡面有問題。 然后拆下，用長纖維脫脂棉和無水酒精擦拭，按相反順序安裝，觀察，若仍不能解決，送修或更換千分尺。

(3)壓痕不在視野內(nèi)或工作臺輕微轉(zhuǎn)動，壓痕位置變化較大

原因是壓頭、測量顯微鏡和工作臺的軸線不同。 由于壓頭固定在工作軸的底端，因此按以下順序單獨(dú)調(diào)整。

①調(diào)整主軸下端的活動間隙，使導(dǎo)向座下端面不與主軸錐面直接接觸；

②調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)軸一側(cè)的螺絲，使工作軸與主軸在同一（軸線）中心。 調(diào)整好后，在試塊上壓一個壓痕，在顯微鏡下觀察其位置，并記錄下來；

③輕輕轉(zhuǎn)動工作臺（保證試塊在工作臺上不動），在顯微鏡下找到試塊上不轉(zhuǎn)動的一點(diǎn)，該點(diǎn)就是工作臺的軸線；

④稍微松開升降螺桿壓板上的螺釘和底部螺釘，將整個升降螺桿輕輕移動，使工作臺軸線與測量顯微鏡記錄的壓痕位置重合，然后擰緊壓緊螺釘 板和調(diào)節(jié)螺釘，并壓出一個相互對比的壓痕。 重復(fù)上述步驟，直到完全重疊。

(4)校驗(yàn)時示值超差的原因及解決方法

①測量顯微鏡的刻度不準(zhǔn)確。 用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)千分尺檢查。 如果不允許，可以送去維修或更換。

②金剛石壓頭有缺陷。 用80倍體視顯微鏡觀察，看是否符合金剛石壓頭驗(yàn)證規(guī)定的要求。 如果有缺陷，請更換壓頭。

③如負(fù)載（荷重）超過規(guī)定要求或負(fù)載不穩(wěn)定，用小負(fù)載三級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測功機(jī)檢查。 如果負(fù)載超過要求（±1.0%）但方向相同，這種情況下杠桿比發(fā)生了變化，可以松開主軸保護(hù)帽，轉(zhuǎn)動電源觸點(diǎn)，調(diào)整負(fù)載（杠桿比）， 并在調(diào)整后擰緊。 如果負(fù)載不穩(wěn)定，可能是受力點(diǎn)葉片鈍化、支點(diǎn)鋼球磨損、工作軸與主軸不對中、工作軸內(nèi)摩擦力大等原因造成的。 此時，檢查刀片和鋼球。 如果它們變鈍或磨損，則應(yīng)修剪或更換它們。 檢查工作軸并進(jìn)行清潔。 務(wù)必注意將鋼球?qū)?zhǔn)軸周圍。 同（軸）心的調(diào)整見步驟3。

(5)加載時有沖擊現(xiàn)象

發(fā)生這種情況是因?yàn)榫彌_油太低或油太臟。 一般加滿油或清洗緩沖器后即可解決。

英斯特力儀器是一家集研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)及銷售于一體的 影像測量儀，拉力試驗(yàn)機(jī), 硬度計(jì) ,探傷儀, 粗糙度儀, 測厚儀, 金相設(shè)備廠家, 致力于為客戶提供更好的檢測儀器。

There are many kinds of hardness meters.  Rockwell, Brinell and Vickers hardness testers are the most commonly used in industrial and mining enterprises and scientific research institutes.  Metal Rockwell hardness tester and metal Brinell hardness tester are relative to metal Vickers hardness.  Simple structure.  Fixing common faults is not too difficult.  The following introduces the common fault adjustment of metal Vickers hardness tester.  

According to years of work practice, before starting the calibration and maintenance work, should first adjust the level of the table, and then observe the spindle, lever, lifting screw, buffer mechanism and measuring device is normal and flexible.  Ensure basic understanding of equipment performance.  And then work it out.  

(1) Loading indicator light and measuring microscope light are not on  

First check whether the power supply is connected, and then check the switch, bulb, etc.  If the exclusion of these factors does not light, it is necessary to see whether the load is full load or dry spring tube is normal.  After elimination or abnormal, need to start from the line (circuit), step by step check.  

(2) Turbidity under the measurement microscope, indentation can not be seen or seen clearly  

This should begin by adjusting the focus and light of the microscope.  If the adjustment is still not clear, rotate the objective lens and eyepiece respectively, and move the three plane mirrors of dashed line, solid line and cut line respectively in the mirror to carefully observe which mirror has problems.  Then remove, wipe with long fiber absorbent cotton and anhydrous alcohol, install in the opposite order, observe, if still cannot solve, send repair or replace micrometer.  

(3) The indentation is not in the field of vision or the table rotates slightly, and the indentation position changes greatly  

This is due to the different axes of the indenter, measuring microscope and table.  Since the head is fixed at the bottom of the working shaft, it is adjusted separately in the following order.  

(1) Adjust the active clearance of the lower end of the spindle, so that the lower end face of the guide seat is not in direct contact with the spindle cone;  

② Adjust the screws on one side of the rotating shaft, so that the working shaft and the main shaft are in the same (axis) center.  After adjustment, press an indentation on the test block, observe its position under the microscope, and record;  

(3) gently turn the table (ensure that the test block does not move on the table), under the microscope to find the test block does not rotate a point, the point is the axis of the table;  

④ Loosen the screw and the screw at the bottom of the lifting screw press plate slightly, move the whole lifting screw gently, so that the axis of the workbench and the indentation position recorded by the measuring microscope coincide, and then tighten the screw plate and the adjusting screw, and press out a contrast indentation.  Repeat the steps until they overlap completely.  

(4) Reasons and solutions for out-of-tolerance of the display value during calibration  

① The scale of measuring microscope is not accurate.  Check with a standard micrometer.  If not, it can be sent for repair or replacement.  

② The diamond indenter has defects.  Observe with 80 ploidy microscope to see if it meets the requirements of diamond indenter verification.  If defective, replace the head.  

③ If the load (load) exceeds the specified requirements or the load is unstable, check with the three-level standard dynamometer with small load.  If the load exceeds the requirement (±1.0%) but in the same direction, in which case the lever ratio changes, the spindle protection cap can be loosened, the power contact can be turned, the load (lever ratio) can be adjusted, and tightened after adjustment.  If the load is unstable, it may be caused by passivation of the blade at the stress point, wear of the steel ball at the fulcrum, misalignment between the working shaft and the main shaft, high friction in the working shaft, etc.  At this point, check the blade and ball.  If they become dull or worn, they should be trimmed or replaced.  Check working shaft and clean it.  Be sure to align the steel ball around the shaft.  See Step 3 for alignment with (axis) center.  

(5) There is impact phenomenon when loading  

This happens because the buffer oil is too low or the oil is too dirty.  It can be solved after filling up the oil or cleaning the buffer.